Communications Earth & Environment volume 6, Article number: 55 (2025)
Ecosystem-based marine spatial planning is an approach to managing maritime activities while ensuring human well-being and biodiversity conservation as key pillars for sustainable development. Here, we use a comprehensive literature review and a co-development process with experts to build an assessment framework and tool that integrates the fundamental principles of an ecosystem approach to management and translates them into specific actions to be undertaken during planning processes. We illustrate the potential of this tool through the evaluation of two national marine spatial plans (Spain and France), in consultation with the representatives involved in their development and implementation. To ensure more coherent future planning, socio-ecological system evolution in a climate change scenario and the future marine space needs of maritime sectors should be considered, as well as improving the governance structure and knowledge of ecosystem processes. This framework provides a consistent and transparent assessment method for practitioners and competent authorities.
Galparsoro, I., Montero, N., Mandiola, G. et al. Assessment tool addresses implementation challenges of ecosystem-based management principles in marine spatial planning processes. Commun Earth Environ6, 55 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01975-7
Implementation Context: the article was written in the context of addressing the challenges of implementing ecosystem-based management (EBM) principles in marine spatial planning (MSP). The increasing demand for marine resources and space due to activities like offshore renewable energy, aquaculture, tourism, and deep-sea mining has created new challenges in balancing biodiversity conservation and economic growth.
Objectives and method: the article presents an assessment tool developed through a comprehensive literature review and expert consultation to integrate EBM principles into MSP. The tool is tested through case studies in Spain and France, highlighting governance challenges, socio-ecological considerations, and the need for improved stakeholder engagement, climate change adaptation, and transboundary coordination. The research aligns with global conservation goals, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which aims to protect 30% of marine and coastal areas by 2030.
Results: the EBM-MSP assessment tool provides a structured framework to evaluate and improve the integration of ecosystem-based principles into marine spatial planning. Its application to the Bay of Biscay revealed significant gaps in the consideration of ecosystem processes, climate change, and stakeholder participation. The study recommends a more integrated, adaptive, and collaborative approach to ensure the sustainable management of marine spaces.
Contact person: Ibon Galparsoro, AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Spain. e-mail: igalparsoro [at] azti.es (igalparsoro[at]azti[dot]es)